CCSD3ZF0000100000001NJPL3IF0PDS200000001 = SFDU_LABEL RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH RECORD_BYTES = 480 FILE_RECORDS = 1181 TARGET_NAME = MARS ^TABLE = "GAZETTER.TAB" OBJECT = TABLE NAME = "PLANETARY NOMENCLATURE GAZETTEER" INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII ROWS = 1181 COLUMNS = 20 ROW_BYTES = 480 DESCRIPTION = "The gazetteer (file: GAZETTER.TAB) is a table of geographical features for a planet. It contains information about a named feature such as location, size, origin of feature name, etc. The Gazetteer Table contains one row for each feature named on Mars. The table is formatted so that it may be read directly into many data management systems on various host computers. All fields (columns) are separated by commas, and character fields are preceded by double quotation marks. Each record consist of 480 bytes, with a carriage return/line feed sequence in bytes 479 and 480. This allows the table to be treated as a fixed length record file on hosts that support this file type and as a normal text file on other hosts." OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = TARGET_NAME DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 2 BYTES = 20 FORMAT = "A20" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The planet or satellite on which the feature is located." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = SEARCH_FEATURE_NAME DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 25 BYTES = 50 FORMAT = "A50" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The geographical feature name with all diacritical marks stripped off. This name is stored in upper case only so that it can be used for sorting and search purposes. This field should not be used to designate the name of the feature because it does not contain the diacritical marks. Feature names not containing diacritical marks can often take on a completely different meaning and in some cases the meaning can be deeply offensive." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = DIACRITIC_FEATURE_NAME DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 78 BYTES = 100 FORMAT = "A100" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The geographical feature name containing standard diacritical information. A detailed description of the diacritical mark formats are described in the gazetteer documentation. DIACRITICALS USED IN THE TABLE The word diacritic comes from a Greek word meaning to separate. It refers to the accent marks employed to separate, or distinguish, one form of pronunciation of a vowel or consonant from another. This note is included to familiarize the user with the codes used to represent diacriticals found in the table, and the values usually associated with them. In the table, the code for a diacritical is preceded by a backslash and is followed, without a space, by the letter it is modifying. This note is organized as follows: the code is listed first, followed by the name of the accent mark, if applicable, a brief description of the appearance of the diacritical and a short narrative on its usage. acute accent; a straight diagonal line extending from upper right to lower left. The acute accent is used in most languages to lengthen a vowel; in some, such as Oscan, to denote an open vowel. The acute is also often used to indicate the stressed syllable; in some transcriptions it indicates a palatalized consonant. diaeresis or umlaut; two dots surmounting the letter. In Romance languages and English, the diaeresis is used to indicate that consecutive vowels do not form a dipthong (see below); in modern German and Scandinavian languages, it denotes palatalization of vowels. circumflex; a chevron or inverted 'v' shape, with the apex at the top. Used most often in modern languages to indicate lengthening of a vowel. tilde; a curving or waving line above the letter. The tilde is a form of circumflex. The tilde is used most often in Spanish to form a palatalized n as in the word 'ano', pronounced 'anyo'. It is also used occasionally to indicate nasalized vowels. macron; a straight line above the letter. The macron is used almost universally to lengthen a vowel. breve; a concave semicircle or 'u' shape surmounting the letter. Originally used in Greek, the breve indicates a short vowel. a small circle or 'o' above the letter. Frequently used in Scandinavian languages to indicate a broad 'o'. e dipthong or ligature; transcribed as two letters in contact with each other. The dipthong is a combination of vowels that are pronounced together. cedilla; a curved line surmounted by a vertical line, placed at the bottom of the letter. The cedilla is used in Spanish and French to denote a dental, or soft, 'c'. In the new Turkish transcription, 'c' cedilla has the value of English 'ch'. In Semitic languages, the cedilla under a consonant indicates that it is emphatic. check or inverted circumflex; a 'v' shape above the letter. This accent is used widely in Slavic languages to indicate a palatal articulation, like the consonant sounds in the English words chapter and shoe and the 'zh' sound in pleasure. a single dot above the letter. This diacritical denotes various things; in Lithuanian, it indicates a close long vowel. In Sanskrit, when used with 'n', it is a velar sound, as in the English 'sink'; in Irish orthography, it indicates a fricative consonant (see below). accent grave; a diagonal line (above the letter) extending from upper left to lower right. The grave accent is used in French, Spanish and Italian to denote open vowels. fricative; a horizontal line through a consonant. A fricative consonant is characterized by a frictional rustling of the breath as it is emitted." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = MINIMUM_LATITUDE DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 180 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = DEGREE DESCRIPTION = "The minimum_latitude element specifies the southernmost latitude of a spatial area, such as a map, mosaic, bin, feature, or region." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = MAXIMUM_LATITUDE DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 188 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = DEGREE DESCRIPTION = "The maximum_latitude element specifies the northernmost latitude of a spatial area, such as a map, mosaic, bin, feature, or region." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = CENTER_LATITUDE DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 196 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = DEGREE DESCRIPTION = "The center latitude of the feature." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = MINIMUM_LONGITUDE DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 204 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = DEGREE DESCRIPTION = "The minimum_longitude element specifies the easternmost latitude of a spatial area, such as a map, mosaic, bin, feature, or region. " END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = MAXIMUM_LONGITUDE DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 212 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = DEGREE DESCRIPTION = "The maximum_longitude element specifies the westernmost longitude of a spatial area, such as a map, mosaic, bin, feature, or region. " END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = CENTER_LONGITUDE DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 220 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = DEGREE DESCRIPTION = "The center longitude of the feature." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = LABEL_POSITION_ID DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 229 BYTES = 2 FORMAT = "A2" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The suggested plotting position of the feature name (UL=Upper left, UC=Upper center, UR=Upper right, CL=Center left, CR=Center right, LL=Lower left, LC=Lower center, LR=Lower right). This field is used to instruct the plotter where to place the typographical label with respect to the center of the feature. This code is used to avoid crowding of names in areas where there is a high density of named features." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = FEATURE_LENGTH DATA_TYPE = REAL START_BYTE = 233 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "F8.2" UNIT = KILOMETER DESCRIPTION = "The longer or longest dimension of an object. For the Gazetteer usage, this field refers to the length of the named feature." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = PRIMARY_PARENTAGE_ID DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 243 BYTES = 2 FORMAT = "A2" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "This field contains the primary origin of the feature name (i.e. where the name originated). It contains a code for the continent or country origin of the name. Please see Appendix 5 of the gazetteer documentation (GAZETTER.TXT) for a definition of the codes used to define the continent or country." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = SECONDARY_PARENTAGE_ID DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 248 BYTES = 2 FORMAT = "A2" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "This field contains the secondary origin of the feature name. It contains a code for a country, state, territory, or ethnic group. Please see Appendix 5 of the gazetteer documentation (GAZETTER.TXT) for a defintion of the codes in this field." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = MAP_SERIAL_ID DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 253 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "A6" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The identification of the map that contains the named feature. This field represents the map serial number of the map publication used for ordering maps from the U.S. Geological Survey. The map identified in this field best portrays the named feature." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = FEATURE_STATUS_TYPE DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 262 BYTES = 12 FORMAT = "A12" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The IAU approval status of the named feature. Permitted values are 'PROPOSED', 'PROVISIONAL', 'IAU-APPROVED', and 'DROPPED'. Dropped names have been disallowed by the IAU. However, these features have been included in the gazetteer for historical purposes. Some named features that are disallowed by the IAU may commonly be used on some maps." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = APPROVAL_DATE DATA_TYPE = INTEGER START_BYTE = 276 BYTES = 4 FORMAT = "I4" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "Date at which an object has been approved by the officially sanctioned organization. This field contains the year the IAU approved the feature name." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = FEATURE_TYPE DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 282 BYTES = 20 FORMAT = "A20" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The feature type identifies the type of a particular feature, according to IAU standards. Examples are 'CRATER', 'TESSERA', 'TERRA', etc. See Appendix 7 of the gazetteer documentation (GAZETTER.TXT). DESCRIPTOR TERMS (FEATURE TYPES) FEATURE DESCRIPTION ------- ----------- ALBEDO FEATURE Albedo feature CATENA Chain of craters CAVUS Hollows, irregular depressions CHAOS Distinctive area of broken terrain CHASMA Canyon COLLES Small hill or knob CORONA Ovoid-shaped feature CRATER Crater DORSUM Ridge ERUPTIVE CENTER Eruptive center FACULA Bright spot FLEXUS Cuspate linear feature FLUCTUS Flow terrain FOSSA Long, narrow, shallow depression LABES Landslide LABYRINTHUS Intersecting valley complex LACUS Lake LARGE RINGED FEATURE Large ringed feature LINEA Elongate marking MACULA Dark spot MARE Sea MENSA Mesa, flat-topped elevation MONS Mountain OCEANUS Ocean PALUS Swamp PATERA Shallow crater; scalloped, complex edge PLANITIA Low plain PLANUM Plateau or high plain PROMONTORIUM Cape REGIO Region RIMA Fissure RUPES Scarp SCOPULUS Lobate or irregular scarp SINUS Bay SULCUS Subparallel furrows and ridges TERRA Extensive land mass TESSERA Tile; polygonal ground THOLUS Small domical mountain or hill UNDAE Dunes VALLIS Sinuous valley VASTITAS Widespread lowlands VARIABLE FEATURE Variable feature " END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = REFERENCE_NUMBER DATA_TYPE = INTEGER START_BYTE = 304 BYTES = 4 FORMAT = "I4" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "Literature reference from which the spelling and description of the feature name was derived. See Appendix 6 of the gazetteer documentation (GAZETTER.TXT)." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = MAP_CHART_ID DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 310 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "A6" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "This field contains the abbreviation of the map designator or chart identification (example MC-19, MC-18, etc.)." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = FEATURE_DESCRIPTION DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 319 BYTES = 159 FORMAT = "A159" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "Short description of the feature name." END_OBJECT = COLUMN END_OBJECT = TABLE END