CCSD3ZF0000100000001NJPL3IF0PDS200000001 = SFDU_LABEL RECORD_TYPE = STREAM SPACECRAFT_NAME = GALILEO_ORBITER INSTRUMENT_NAME = "NEAR_INFRARED_MAPPING_SPECTROMETER" INSTRUMENT_ID = NIMS OBJECT = TEXT NOTE = "Introduction to this CD-ROM volume." PUBLICATION_DATE = 1993-12-15 END_OBJECT = TEXT END 1. Introduction This is the first CD-ROM volume to contain Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) Experiment Data Records (EDRs). It was generated by the NIMS team in collaboration with the Planetary Data System (PDS) for distribution to the various Galileo project investigators, and to the community of planetary scientists. The collection contains data acquired by the NIMS instrument starting at Galileo launch and continuing through the first Earth encounter. Included are data for Venus, the Earth, and the Earth's Moon. Test, star and calibration data are also included. Further volumes in this series will contain data from the second Earth encounter, from the Gaspra and impending Ida asteroid encounters, and from the various encounters of Jupiter and its satellites several years hence. The Galileo NIMS instrument is an imaging spectrometer which covers the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers, measuring both reflected sunlight and emitted thermal radiation in a region not studied by the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft. Seventeen detectors and a diffraction grating operate to produce spectra over as many as 408 wavelengths. A secondary mirror scans through 20 positions in the cross-cone direction at each grating step to produce a swath of data. The scan platform on which the instrument is mounted is commanded in the cone and clock directions to conduct extensive mapping observations over the target. A complete description of the NIMS instrument and scientific objectives is provided in the article "NEAR-INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT ON GALILEO", R. W. Carlson et al., Space Science Reviews v. 60 p. 457-502, 1992. A digital preprint of this article is included in this CD-ROM (see VOLINFO.TXT for its location). Each EDR file contains a PDS label, header and data area. A separate VICAR (Video Image Communication and Retrieval) label accompanies it. These files are organized in directory trees ordered in spacecraft clock time. Ancillary files provide detailed information and documentation pertaining to CD-ROM volume content, detailed descriptions of the structure and content of the EDRs in PDS format, a NIMS Guide to the Venus and first Earth encounters, index files, calibration and geometry data, and some simple software for examining the EDRs. The CD-ROM Contents section below references where to find information about the directory structure and location of these and other files. In addition to the AAREADME.TXT file you are currently reading, the directory named DOCUMENT contains a text file named VOLINFO.TXT that describes in greater detail the organization of this disk and the format and content of the EDRs and ancillary files. It is recommended that you read the VOLINFO.TXT document before beginning extensive use of the data. A hard copy version of the AAREADME.TXT file is provided with this CD-ROM. The EDR files on this disk can be processed by two separate but similar sets of programs to generate NIMS cube files. One operates in the ISIS (Integrated Software for Imaging Spectrometers) environment. The other operates in the VICAR environment. The resulting cubes are similar in structure but somewhat different in detailed content and type of processing. Both kinds of cubes can be displayed, analyzed and further processed by any ISIS programs that operate on standard ISIS cubes. The ISIS system is managed and maintained by an ISIS team which consists of persons from various institutions. For more information on access, availability and technical support in regard to the ISIS system, refer to "Whom to Contact for Information", section 11 of the VOLINFO.TXT file in the DOCUMENT directory. 2. Disk Format The disk has been formatted so that a variety of computer systems (e.g. IBM PC, Macintosh, Sun, VAX) may access the data. Specifically, the disk is formatted according to the ISO 9660 level 1 Interchange Standard, and file attributes are specified by Extended Attribute Records (XARs). For computer software that fully supports XARs, access to the CD-ROM volume will be straightforward; the disk will appear to the user to be identical to a file system of directories, sub- directories, and data files. Some computer systems that do not support XARs will ignore them; others will append the XAR to the beginning of the file. In the latter case the user must ignore the first 512 bytes of the file. For further information, refer to the ISO 9660 Standard Document: RF# ISO 9660-1988, 15 April 1988. 3. File Format Most files on this disk have a label encoded in the Object Description Language (ODL) developed by the Planetary Data System (PDS). An ODL label is readable by both humans and computers. It provides a formal description of the format and content of a file. For most files the ODL label appears at the beginning of the file (as is the case for this file). The EDR data and ancillary file formats are described or referenced in the VOLINFO.TXT file which can be found in the DOCUMENT directory. This VOLINFO.TXT file also provides a detailed description of this volume and it's contents. PDS label formats and documentation conform to standards as defined by the Planetary Data System Standards Reference (JPL D-7669, Part 2, November 1992, Version 3.0) and the Planetary Science Data Dictionary (JPL D-7116, November 1992, Rev. C) with the following exceptions. Data product labels for the NIMS EDR products were approved prior to the release of the Version 3.0 Standards Reference, so do not strictly conform to the Data Product Label standard in Ch. 5 of the PDS Standards Reference, Version 3.0. In particular, the Standard Formatted Data Unit (SFDU) standard from Chapter 17 of the Planetary Data System Data Preparation Workbook - Volume 2, Standards, May 3, 1991, Version 2.0 is used. 4. CD-ROM Contents The files on this CD-ROM are organized by several top-level directories with subdirectories where appropriate. Section 5 of The VOLINFO.TXT file in the DOCUMENT directory provides a full description of the disk structure and content of these directories. 5. Recommended CD-ROM Drives and Driver Software A LIST OF COMPATIBLE CD-ROM DRIVES AND DRIVER SOFTWARE FOR USE WITH PDS CD-ROMS ------------------------------------------------------ This summary includes various types of computers that may be used to read PDS CD-ROMs. PDS engineers have tested these drives using PDS CD-ROM titles. 5.1 SUGGESTED HARDWARE CAPABILITY Anyone contemplating purchase of a new CD-ROM drive should check on the following capabilities: * Seek time of 300 milliseconds or less. * 64K buffer in the drive or on the controller card. * Double speed reading (300 Kilobytes per second). * Compatibility with CD-ROM XA for multi-media applications. * Compatibility with PHOTO-CD, especially support for multi-session CDs. 5.2 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX or MicroVax running VMS Drive: Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) RRD42, RRD40 or RRD50 Driver: DEC VMS CD-ROM driver V4.7 and up. The following lists VMS CD mount commands that permit CD device access with the use of standard VMS commands. The listing shows the DEC product, VMS version number, DEC release date and VMS command. Product VMS vn Released Commands -------- --- ----- ---------------------------------- VFS010 4.7 4/88 MOUNT/STRUCTURE=ISO_9660 VFS020 5.2 12/89 MOUNT/STRUCTURE=ISO_9660 VFS022 5.4 7/90 CDMOUNT/STRUCTURE=ISO_9660 F11CD055 5.5 6/92 CD_MOUNT, CD_DISMOUNT, CDROM (dump) ISO support will be bundled with VMS Version 6.0. An alternative to the DEC driver software is a set of programs written by USGS Flagstaff personnel that perform directory operations, display text files, and copy text and binary files from a CD-ROM. The programs may be copied from the PDS VAX via SPAN. The files for handling the USGS Flagstaff CD-ROM interface software for a VAX/VMS system are in the directory JPLPDS::DISK$USER1:[CDROM.VAX]. There are three source files: CDROM_UTILITY_SUBROUTINES.COM CDROM_VMS_UTILITY_PROGRAMS.COM CDROM_TAE_UTILITY_PROGRAMS.COM The programs can be built by executing the CDROM_UTILITY_SUBROUTINES procedure followed by either the CDROM_VMS... or CDROM_TAE.procedure depending on whether you want to use the programs under VAX/VMS or under the TAE (Transportable Applications Executive) user interface. For more information, contact Eric Eliason at this address: Eric Eliason U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Branch 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 U.S.A. Electronic Mail address: SPAN: ASTROG::EELIASON Internet: eeliason@astrog.span.nasa.gov 5.3 Digital Equipment Corporation VAX or MicroVAX running Ultrix Drive: DEC RRD42, RRD40, or RRD50 Driver: Supplied with Ultrix 3.1 Note: Internet users can obtain a copy of the "cdio" software package via anonymous ftp from the "space.mit.edu" server in the file named "src/cdio.shar". Contact Peter Ford at this address: Dr. Peter Ford Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Space Research Building 37-601 Cambridge, MA 02139 (617)253-6485 Electronic mail addresses: Internet:pgf@space.mit.edu NASAmail:PFORD SPAN:JPLPDS::PFORD X.400: (ID:PFORD,PRMD:NASAMAIL,ADMD:TELEMAIL,C:USA) 5.4 IBM PC running MS-DOS Drive: Toshiba (v. 2.2.1), Hitachi, Sony, NEC, Pioneer or compatible. Driver: Microsoft MSCDEX version 2.0 or later (2.21 is the latest version). 5.5 Apple Macintosh Drive: Apple CD SC Plus (3.1.1b3), Toshiba (1.4), NEC (2.25), Pioneer DRM600 (CLD Access 1.1b1). Driver: Apple CD-ROM driver, or vendor specific driver. 5.6 Sun Micro (SunOS 4.0x and earlier) Drive: Delta Microsystems SS-660 (Sony) Driver: Delta Microsystems driver Note: For questions concerning this driver, contact Denis Down at Delta Microsystems, 415-449-6881. 5.7 Sun Micro (SunOS 4.0.3 and later) Drive: Sun Microsystems Driver: SunOS sr.o driver Note: A patch must be made to SunOS before the Sun driver can access any CD-ROM files containing Extended Attribute Records, e.g. most of the files on this disk. A copy of this patch is available to Internet users via anonymous ftp from the "space.mit.edu" server in the file named "src/SunOS.4.x.CD-ROM.patch". 5.8 Silicon Graphics IRIS Drive: SGI CD-ROM Drive Driver: SGI CD-ROM driver Note: A patch must be made to SGIOS before the SGI driver can access any CD-ROM files containing Extended Attribute Records, e.g. most of the files on this disk. A copy of this patch is available by calling the PDS user support. This patch is not needed for Version 4.0.5 and above. 5.9 IBM RS6000 In order to access PDS CD-ROMs, you need to contact IBM user support for the driver at 1-800-426-7378. AIX 3.2 and above will work with PDS CD-ROMs. For additional information about CD-ROM Hardware and Software or if you need assistance in CD access in general, see the "Whom to Contact for Information" section below. 6. Whom to Contact for Information Additional information about CD-ROM Hardware and Software and for general assistance in CD-ROM use. ------------------------------------------------------------- Data Distribution Laboratory MS 525-3610 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109 (818) 306-6303 Electronic mail address: Internet: DDL@stargate.jpl.nasa.gov A list of personal contacts pertaining to the following subjects is available in section 11 of the VOLINFO.TXT file found in the DOCUMENT directory of this CD. - Content of this CD-ROM - PDS Data Products - Data processing considerations and available processing systems. 7. Cognizant Persons Catalog table and label files and CD-ROM Documentation were generated by Bob Mehlman (UCLA), Frank Leader(UCLA), William Smythe (UCLA), Chris Isbell (USGS), Eric Eliason (USGS) and Sue Hess (JPL). Calibration files were generated by Bob Mehlman (UCLA). The NIMS Boom Obscuration Map was generated by Kathleen Edwards (USGS). Software to display EDR header information and statistics and perform data dumps was developed by Bob Mehlman (UCLA). Software to return a VICAR label to the EDR file was developed by Tracie Stoewe (USGS). Software to process raw EDR files was developed by Chris Isbell (USGS). Processing and preparation of EDR files was performed by Bonnie Duck and Chris Isbell at USGS in Flagstaff, Arizona.