PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = STREAM OBJECT = TEXT PUBLICATION_DATE = 1997-07-01 NOTE = "Anomalies and discrepancies in the CD Volume set" END_OBJECT = TEXT END ################################################################### Additional errata information may be available in the ERRATA.TXT file on Volume 15 (CL_3015) of this CD Volume set. Please refer to this file for the most up to date errata information. ################################################################### DISCREPANCIES OF PROJECTION OFFSET PARAMETERS AMONG USGS-PRODUCED PLANETARY DIGITAL GLOBAL MAPS Eric M. Eliason 7/1/1997 The Issue --------- This report discusses discrepancies in map projection parameters found in the PDS labels on the Mars MDIM, Magellan F-Map (Venus), and Clementine Base Map Mosaic (Earth's Moon) produced by the USGS Astrogeology Team. This report is important for individuals needing to know the precise definition of the map projection and cartographic parameters that describe the image map. There are differences in the cartographic parameters in each of the data products that effect the algorithms defining the relationship between line and sample position in the image array and the latitude and longitude position on the planet surface. Specifically, the LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET and SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET parameters have inconsistent definitions among these data sets. Additionally, as discussed below there are differences in the keywords names used to describe the map projection parameters on the PDS labels due to the evolution of PDS standards. Data Products In Question ------------------------- The Mars MDIM, Magellan F-Map, and Clementine Basemap Mosaic exist on CD media and are available for wide distribution to the NASA science community. These data sets contain global Mosaicked Digital Image Models (MDIM). The data sets are organized according to a "tiling" scheme that divides the planet into tiles (or quadrangles). Each tile represents a specific area on the planet. A tile is stored as a PDS-labeled image file. For more information on the data products, refer to the "volinfo.txt" file located in the document directory on the CD volume sets. Cartographic Keywords in the PDS Labels --------------------------------------- The "IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION" object contained in a PDS label provides the cartographic parameters necessary to define any map projection. For the Sinusoidal Equal-Area Projection only a subset of the cartographic keywords are required and parameters not applicable will contain "N/A" in the fields. The list below shows a typical IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION group of keywords. For precise definitions of the keywords, refer to the volinfo.txt file (located in the document directory) and the dsmap.cat file (located in the catalog directory.) OBJECT = IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION ^DATA_SET_MAP_PROJECTION = "DSMAP.CAT" MAP_PROJECTION_TYPE = SINUSOIDAL MAP_RESOLUTION = 1408.1316 MAP_SCALE = 0.075 MAXIMUM_LATITUDE = 38.00000 MINIMUM_LATITUDE = 35.99000 EASTERNMOST_LONGITUDE = 146.01088 WESTERNMOST_LONGITUDE = 144.00000 LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET = -53510.0039 SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET = -6837.0801 A_AXIS_RADIUS = 6051.00 B_AXIS_RADIUS = 6051.00 C_AXIS_RADIUS = 6051.00 FIRST_STANDARD_PARALLEL = "N/A" SECOND_STANDARD_PARALLEL = "N/A" POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = EAST CENTER_LATITUDE = 0.00000 CENTER_LONGITUDE = 150.00000 REFERENCE_LATITUDE = "N/A" REFERENCE_LONGITUDE = "N/A" LINE_FIRST_PIXEL = 1 SAMPLE_FIRST_PIXEL = 1 LINE_LAST_PIXEL = 2830 SAMPLE_LAST_PIXEL = 2410 MAP_PROJECTION_ROTATION = 0.00000 VERTICAL_FRAMELET_OFFSET = 1 HORIZONTAL_FRAMELET_OFFSET = 6 END_OBJECT = IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION END Because of the change in PDS standards the IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION group is different between the Mars MDIM products and the Magellan F-Map and Lunar MDIM products. The Mars MDIM products were created before the "final" cartographic projection keywords were defined and so they are different from the F-MAP and Lunar MDIM products. Here is a list of the differences in keyword names: Mars MDIM Label F-MAP / Lunar MDIM Label ------------------------------------------------------------------- IMAGE_ID (in main label body) changed to PRODUCT_ID IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION_CATALOG changed to IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION DATA_SET_MAP_PROJECTION_CATALOG changed to DATA_SET_MAP_PROJECTION X_AXIS_FIRST_PIXEL changed to LINE_LAST_PIXEL X_AXIS_LAST_PIXEL changed to LINE_LAST_PIXEL Y_AXIS_FIRST_PIXEL changed to SAMPLE_FIRST_PIXEL Y_AXIS_LAST_PIXEL changed to SAMPLE_LAST_PIXEL X_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET changed to LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET Y_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET changed to SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET Discrepancies with Offset Parameters ------------------------------------- The LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET and SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET parameters have inconsistent definitions among the Clementine, F-Map and Mars MDIM data products. This section describes the differences. For the Mars MDIM, the offset parameters (called X_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET and Y_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET) are used to define line and sample number as a function of latitude and longitude: line = INT(X_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET - LAT*MAP_RESOLUTION + 1.0) sample = INT(Y_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET - (LON - CENTER_LONGITUDE)*MAP_RESOLUTION*COS(LAT) + 1.0) Note that the addition of 1.0 is part of the equation. This means the X_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET and Y_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET are relative to line and sample 0,0 in the image array. Because the direction of positive longitude is to the west for Mars, there is a "-" after the Y_AXIS_PROJECTION_OFFSET in the equation. For the F-MAP and Clementine basemap the equations are defined as: line = INT(LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET - LAT*MAP_RESOLUTION) sample = INT(SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET + (LON - CENTER_LONGITUDE)*MAP_RESOLUTION*COS(LAT)) Note that the addition of 1.0 is not part of the equation. This means that the offset parameters are relative to line and sample 1,1. Because the direction of positive longitude is to the east for Venus and the Moon, there is a "+" after the SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET term. An additional discrepancy exists in the F-MAP volume set. The LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET and SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET parameters are actually the negative of the value that they should be. A software patch has been included on the F-MAP CD-ROMs to correct the projection offset keywords. The name of the program is PATH and it is stored in the SOFTWARE directory on the F-MAP volumes. ################################################################### ################################################################### UPPER-CASE AND LOWER-CASE FILE NAMES AND DIRECTORIES ON CD VOLUMES THAT CONFORM TO THE ISO-9660 STANDARDS Eric M. Eliason 3/1/1997 Names of files stored on an ISO-9660 formatted CD are different among computer systems and operating systems. Some systems use lower-case file names while other systems use upper- case file names. Here is a list of how popular operating behave with file names: Sun/Solaris - File names and folders are lower-case lettering Macintosh - File names and folders are upper-case lettering PC/Windows 95 - File names and folders have the first letter upper-case followed by lower-case lettering. PC/MS-DOS - File names and folders are upper-case lettering PC/Windows 3.1 - File names and folders are lower-case lettering Because of the inconsistent case lettering of file names it was decided to provide file and volume names in the image index file (imgindx.tab) and the source image index file (srcindx.tab) to upper-case lettering. Users desiring to build applications around these tables will need to convert the file name to the appropriate case for their systems. ################################################################### ###################################################################